Difference between ので and から

「ので」 is almost interchangeable with 「から」 with a few subtle differences.
「から」 explicitly states that the sentence before it is the reason for something whereas 「ので」 is merely putting two sentences together, the first with an explanatory tone.
This is something I call causation where [X] happened, therefore [Y] happened. This is slightly different from 「から」 where [Y] happened explicitly because [X] happened. This difference tends to make 「ので」 sound softer and slightly more polite and it is favored over 「から」 when explaining a reason for doing something that is considered discourteous.

て Form for う verbs

[る5] Verb ￫座る + って
[う] Verb ￫歌う + って
[つ] Verb ￫打つ + って

[く] Verb ￫歩く + いて
[ぐ] Verb ￫泳ぐ + いで

[ぬ] Verb ￫死ぬ + んで
[ぶ] Verb ￫飛ぶ + んで
[む] Verb ￫休む + んで

[す]Verb ￫話す + して